University of Bahri Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Histology of the small intestine of broiler chicks

2022-02-15T13:08:13+00:00

This study was conducted to investigate the histology and scanning electron microscopy of the small intestine of the broiler. Samples were taken from different regions of the small intestine of twenty broiler chicks (Ross308) at 42 days of age. The histological observations in the present study revealed that the mucosal layer of the small intestine of the broiler chicks had neither discernible muscularis mucosae nor tunica submucosa. Thus, the arrangement remained a distinctive feature and the intestinal layers were identified, from inside out, as tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa. Moreover, the histological and scanning electron microscopic findings in this study showed branched villi which were mainly located in the duodenum and rarely in the jejunum and ileum. The tunica muscularis in all parts of the small intestine presented three smooth muscle layers; inner longitudinal, middle circular, and outer longitudinal layers. The middle circular layer was broad and most often appeared separated by small amount of connective tissue into vast outer part and a tiny inner or accessory segment. It is concluded that the wall of the small intestine of broiler chicks had remarkable histological structure, particularly the mucosa, which suggested to improve nutrient absorption capability.

Histological and histometric study on the compartment 1 of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the prenatal development

2022-05-23T12:25:57+00:00

Compartment 1 of camel constitutes the largest part of the stomach and plays an important role in the microbial fermentation of the ingesta. The aim of this study was to investigate the histological and histometric changes in the compartment 1 of the one-humped camel during prenatal development. Camel foetuses were collected and divided into the first (below 130 days), second (131- 260 days) and third (261 - 390 days) trimesters. At early stage of gestation (71 days), the wall of the primitive stomach comprised three layers: Stratified epithelium, pluripotent blastemic, and myoblastic tissues. At 89 days of gestation, the first outline of compartment 1 appeared. It displayed four layers: Epithelium, pluripotent blastemic tissues, tunica muscularis and serosa. At 100 days of gestation, compartment 1 differentiated into two regions, glandular and non-glandular. Later (from 115 to 390 days of gestation), the muscular layer of compartment 1 was made up of smooth muscle cells that arranged in two layers, inner circular and outer longitudinal. At 224 to 390 days of gestation, the mucosa of the glandular region was lined by either simple columnar or non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, while the lining of the non-glandular region was non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. During the three trimesters, the cells lining the glands in the glandular regions were positive for Periodic acid Schiff stain. The thicknesses of the different layers of compartment 1 significantly (P ≤ 0.001) increased with the foetal development. In conclusion, the present study revealed that the development of compartment 1 of the dromedary camel differs from that of other ruminants.

Histology of the lingual vallate papillae of the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius)

2022-07-13T00:06:49+00:00

The present study aimed at investigating the histological structures of the vallate papillae of the tongue of the dromedary camel. Samples were taken from the tongues of 5 healthy adult dromedary camels, then processed by standard routine histological technique. The vallate papillae were broad, encircled by a distinctive sulcus, and exhibited concave dorsal surfaces. The papillae were covered with stratified squamous epithelium which was made up of several layers of cells arranged from the basement membrane to the outer surface as follows: basal layer; spinosum layer; squamous layer; corneum layer. The lamina propria sub mucosa showed two well-defined layers. The first one was located beneath the epithelium and characterized by loose connective tissue. The second layer was much thicker and composed mainly of dense irregular collagenous fibres. Deep to the circumvallate papilla was a group of prominent tubulo-acinar glands (von Ebner’s glands). The main ducts of the glands opened directly into the surrounding sulcus at different levels. In general, the histological structures of the vallate papillae of the dromedary camel were similar to those of other domestic mammals. The well-developed von Ebner’s glands suggested their abundant serous secretion that reflected on the high capability of gustation.

Biochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of the pods extract of Sudanese carob (Ceratonia silique L.)

2022-07-23T19:36:00+00:00

This study was carried out to determine the phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of the carob, Ceratonia silique L., (Cs). Mature fruits of Cs trees were randomly collected, and dried in grounded into fine powder. Phytochemical, amino acids, and antimicrobial activity analyses were then applied. The Cs fruits displayed high amounts of terpenoids and moderate amounts of flavonoids and steroids. The pods contained seventeen amino acids, including the nine essential amino acids (histidine, valine, threonine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, arginine, and methionine). The remaining eight amino acids were nonessential. Serine displayed a low level (0.63 µg/ml), whereas proline was the most abundant amino acid (232.38 µg/ml). The ethanol extracts of CS pods at a concentration of 100% displayed noticeable activity against the microorganisms utilized in this study (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli). Active inhibition was also observed when using 80% concentration for all organisms except Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus subtilis. It is concluded that the extracts of Cs can be considered a good source of amino acids. The plant also had significant antibacterial activity.